I am not a designer nor a coder. I'm just a guy with a point-of-view and a computer.
筑基<融合<元婴<分神<渡劫<大乘
#类的继承
class Father: #基类
def walking(self):
print('多走路有益健康!')
class Son(Father): #派生类
pass
#创建子类实例
Joe = Son()
Joe.walking()
多走路有益健康!
#在子类中调用父类的方法
class Father: #基类
def walking(self):
print('多走路有益健康!')
class Son(Father): #派生类
def walking(self):
Father.walking(self)#调用父类的方法
print('饭后要多多散步')
#创建父类实例
Steven = Father()
print('Father class')
Steven.walking()
print('Son class')
#创建子类实例
Joe = Son()
Joe.walking()
Father class
多走路有益健康!
Son class
多走路有益健康!
饭后要多多散步
# 定义类
class Motor: #基类 或 父类
'''__init__: 初始化对象
price, capacity 有默认值，表示是选项参数
'''
def __init__(self, name, price = 15,
capacity = 1500):
self.name = name
self.price = price
self.capacity = capacity
def equip(self, award):#配备奖励
self.price = self.price + award
def __repr__(self): #设置输出格式
msg = '{0:8s}, 售价{1:7.2f} 万,排气量 {2:,} c.c.'
return msg.format(
self.name, self.price, self.capacity)
class Hybrid(Motor): #派生类 或 子类
def equip(self, award, cell = 2.18):
Motor.equip(self, award + cell)
def tinted(self, opr):
if opr == 1:
return '极致蓝'
elif opr == 2:
return '魅力红'
#创建父类对象
stand = Motor('standard')
apollo = Motor('Apollo', price = 15.2,
capacity = 1795)
print(apollo, '不含电子锁')
apollo.equip(1.2) #加价
# 创建子类对象
inno = Hybrid('Innovate', 32.8, 2495)
inno.equip(1.1)
print('Hybrid is', inno.tinted(2))
print('-- 三种车款 --')
for item in (stand, apollo, inno):
print(item)
Apollo , 售价 15.20 万,排气量 1,795 c.c. 不含电子锁
Hybrid is 魅力红
-- 三种车款 --
standard, 售价 15.00 万,排气量 1,500 c.c.
Apollo , 售价 16.40 万,排气量 1,795 c.c.
Innovate, 售价 36.08 万,排气量 2,495 c.c.
#类的继承
class Father: #基类一
def walking(self):
print('多走路有益健康!')
class Mother: #基类二
def riding(self):
print('I can ride a bike!')
class Son(Father, Mother): #派生类
pass
#创建子类实例
Joe = Son()
Joe.walking()
Joe.riding()
多走路有益健康!
I can ride a bike!
#继承的搜索顺序
class Parent(): #有两个方法
def show1(self):
print("Parent method one")
def show2(self):
display("Parent method two")
class Son(Parent):
def display(self):
print('Son method')
class Daughter(Parent):
def show2(self):
print('Daughter method one')
def display(self):
goodNews('Daughter method two')
class Grandchild(Son, Daughter):
def message(self):
print('Grandchild method')
eric = Grandchild()
#先找到自己的方法
eric.message()
#按顺序, Grandchild > Son
eric.display()
#Grandchild > Son > Daughter
eric.show2()
#Grandchild > Son > Daughter > Parent
eric.show1()
Grandchild method
Son method
Daughter method one
Parent method one#子类覆盖父类的方法
class Mother(): #父类
def display(self, pay):
self.price = pay
if self.price >= 30000:
return pay * 0.9
class Son(Mother): #子类
def display(self, pay): #覆盖display方法
self.price = pay
if self.price >= 30000:
print('8折：', end = ' ')
return pay * 0.8
Joe = Son() #创建对象
print(Joe.display(35000))
8折： 28000.0
#内部函数super()
class Mother(): #父类
def display(self, pay):
self.price = pay
if self.price >= 30000:
self.price *= 0.9
else:
self.price
print(' = {:,}'.format(self.price))
class Son(Mother): #子类
def display(self, pay): #覆盖display方法
self.price = pay
super().display(pay)
if self.price >= 30000:
self.price *= 0.8
else:
self.price
print('8折 {:,}'.format(self.price))
Liz = Mother() #基类对象
print('40000 * 9折', end = '')
Liz.display(40000)
Joe = Son() #创建子类对象
print('35000 * 9折', end = '')
Joe.display(35000)
40000 * 9折 = 36,000.0
35000 * 9折 = 31,500.0
8折 25,200.0
#__init__()方法调用super()
class Parent(): #父类
def __init__(self):
print('I am parent')
class Child(Parent): #子类
def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__()
print(name, 'is child')
tom = Child('Tomas') #子类实例
I am parent
Tomas is child
# __bases__属性动态记录父类
class Father():#父类一
def display(self, name):
self.name = name
print('Father name is', self.name)
class Mother():#父类二
def display(self, name):
self.name = name
print('Mother name is', self.name)
#子类继承Father, Mother
class Child(Father, Mother):
pass
class Son(Father): #子类继承Father
pass
print(Child.__name__, '类, 继承两个基类')
for item in Child.__bases__:
print(item)
Tom = Son()#子类实例，只有一个父类
Tom.display('Eric')
print(Son.__name__,'类，一个父类')
print(Son.__bases__)
Son.__bases__ = (Mother,)
Tom.display('Judy')
Child 类, 继承两个基类
<class '__main__.Father'>
<class '__main__.Mother'>
Father name is Eric
Son 类，一个父类
(<class '__main__.Father'>,)
Mother name is Judy
#使用property
class Student:
def __init__(self, birth):
self.birth = birth
tom = Student('1998/5/21')
print('Tom 生日', tom.birth)
Tom 生日 1998/5/21
#使用property -- 2
class Student:
def __init__(self, birth):
if birth == None:
raise ValueError('不能是空字串')
#__birth: 私有屬性
self.__birth = birth
def getBirth(self):
return self.__birth
def setBirth(self, birth):
self.__birth = birth
tom = Student('1998/5/21')
print('Tom 生日', tom.getBirth())
tom.setBirth('1999/5/21')
print('Tom 生日', tom.getBirth())
Tom 生日 1998/5/21
Tom 生日 1999/5/21
#使用property()函数 -- 3
class Student:
def __init__(self, birth):
if birth == None:
raise ValueError('不能是空字串')
#__birth: 私有屬性
self.__birth = birth
def getBirth(self):
return self.__birth
def setBirth(self, birth):
self.__birth = birth
def delBirth(self):
del self.__birth
birth = property(getBirth, setBirth,
delBirth, 'birth 特性说明')
tom = Student('1998/5/21') # 创建对象
print('Tom 生日', tom.birth)
tom.birth = '1998/5/21'
Tom 生日 1998/5/21
#使用property()函数 -- 4
class Student:
def __init__(self, birth):
if birth == None:
raise ValueError('不能是空字符串')
#__birth: 私有属性
self.__birth = birth
@property #getter为birth创建一个特性
def birth(self):
return self.__birth
@birth.setter #附加 setter 设置器
def birth(self, birth):
self.__birth = birth
@birth.deleter # 附加 deleter删除器
def birth(self):
del self.__birth
tom = Student('1998/5/21') # 创建对象
print('Tom 生日', tom.birth)
tom.birth = '1998/5/21'
Tom 生日 1998/5/21
# 在父类使用特性
class Student:
def __init__(self, birth):
if birth == None:
raise ValueError('不能是空字符串')
#__birth: 私有属性
self.__birth = birth
@property #getter为birth创建一个特性
def birth(self):
return self.__birth
@birth.setter #附加 setter 设置器
def birth(self, value):
if not isinstance(value, str):
raise TypeError('应该是字符串')
self.__birth = value
@birth.deleter # 附加 deleter删除器
def birth(self):
raise AttributeError('属性不能删除')
#继承的子类使用特性
class Person(Student):
@property #getter为birth创建一个特性
def birth(self):
return super().birth
@birth.setter #附加 setter 设置器
def birth(self, value):
super(Person, Person).birth.__set__(
self, value)
@birth.deleter # 附加 deleter删除器
def birth(self):
super(Person, Person).birth.__delte__(self)
eric = Person('1998/5/21') # 创建对象
print('Eric 生日', eric.birth)
Eric 生日 1998/5/21#定义抽象类 - 导入abc模块
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
class Person(metaclass = ABCMeta): #抽象类
@abstractmethod #装饰器 - 抽象方法
def display(self, name):
pass
def pay(self):
self.display(self.name, self.salary)
#实现Person类
class Clerk(Person):
def __init__(self):
self.name = 'Steven'
self.salary = 28000
def display(self, name, salary):
print(name, 'is a Clerk')
print('薪水：', salary)
#创建对象，调用抽象类的一般方法pay()
steven = Clerk()
steven.pay()
Steven is a Clerk
薪水： 28000
#定义多态
class Motor(): #父类
def __init__(self, name, price):
self.name = name
self.price = price
def equip(self):
return self.price
def show(self):
return self.name
class sportCar(Motor):#子类
def equip(self):
return self.price * 1.15
class Hybrid(Motor): #子类
def equip(self):
return self.price *1.2
altiz = Motor('Altiz', 487500) #父类对象
print('{:8s} 定价 {:,}'.format(altiz.show(), altiz.equip()))
inno = sportCar('Innovate', 638000) #子类对象
print('{:8s} 定价 {:,}'.format(inno.show(), inno.equip()))
suv = Hybrid('SUV', 1150000) #子类对象
print('{:8s} 定价 {:,}'.format(suv.show(), suv.equip()))
Altiz 定价 487,500
Innovate 定价 733,700.0
SUV 定价 1,380,000.0
class Vehicle(): #与三个类无关联
def equip(self):
return 2500
def show(self):
return 'Qi无线充电座'
def unite(article): #定义方法来输出各对象
print('{:12s}, 售价 {:,} '.format(
article.show(), article.equip()))
altiz = Motor('Altiz', 487500)
unite(altiz)
inno = sportCar('Innovate', 638000)
unite(inno)
suv = Hybrid('SUV', 1150000) #子类对象
unite(suv)
car = Vehicle()#Vehicle 对象
unite(car)
Altiz , 售价 487,500
Innovate , 售价 733,700.0
SUV , 售价 1,380,000.0
Qi无线充电座 , 售价 2,500
from datetime import date
#组合的简易作法
class Student: #学生
def __init__(self, *name):
self.name = name
class Room: #教室
def __init__(self, title, tday):
self.title = title
self.today = tday
print('上课日期：', self.today)
print('上课教室：', self.title)
class School: #学校
def __init__(self, student, room):
self.student = student
self.room = room
def display(self):
print('Student:', self.student.name)
tday = date.today() #获取今天日期
eric = Student('Eric', 'Vicky', 'Emily') #Student对象
abc123 = Room('Abc123', tday) #上课教室
tc = School(eric, abc123) #School实例
tc.display() #调用方法
上课日期： 2019-08-29
上课教室： Abc123
Student: ('Eric', 'Vicky', 'Emily')